Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the heart of nearly all modern electronics. But to survive in real-world environments especially harsh ones they need protection.

ENEPIG is a type of surface finish done on a copper layer to protect it from corrosion and oxidation in printed circuit boards. It is an acronym for Electroless Nickel Electroless Palladium Immersion Gold. This type of surface finish was created about a decade ago and has become more and more popular recently due to its relatively low cost when compared to other types of PCB gold plating options.

PCB cross-section analysis is a disruptive testing procedure that examines the interior microstructure of a printed circuit board (PCB). By cutting a tiny portion of the PCB, polishing it, and studying it under a microscope, layer alignment, plating thickness, solder junctions, and potential faults can all be evaluated.

Teardrops are small, tapered additions at the junction of a PCB trace and a pad or via. Instead of a sharp transition, the trace gradually widens as it meets the pad, forming a teardrop-like shape. This minor modification significantly strengthens the connection, reducing the likelihood of structural weaknesses and enhancing overall durability.

A mixed signal PCB is a circuit board that accommodates both analog and digital components. Analog circuits process continuous signals, while digital circuits handle discrete signals. When these two types of signals coexist, they can interfere with each other, leading to performance issues.

As electronic devices become more complex and compact, protecting them from electrical failures becomes a top priority. Electronic fuses (eFuses) provide a modern solution to protect circuits from overcurrent, short circuits, and overvoltage.

The foundation of modern electronics is made up of printed circuit boards, or PCBs, which ensure smooth component connectivity. One of the most important processes in the fabrication and assembly of PCBs is drilling. Whenever done properly, it has a direct impact on overall product reliability, electrical connection efficiency, and signal integrity

The production of printed circuit boards (PCBs) relies heavily on the etching and stripping procedures. Particularly for flexible versions, these procedures are essential for specifying the electrical routes on PCBs. Modern electronics cannot function without flexible PCBs because of their versatility and small size.