Understanding the difference between PCB and PCBA can save thousands of dollars and weeks of delays. This guide explains when you need bare boards versus assembled boards, with cost breakdowns and real-world recommendations for electronics projects.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a hidden threat in PCB assembly that can reduce reliability and increase failures. This article explains the problem and delivers actionable solutions from grounding and safe handling to design-level controls that protect your electronics at every stage.
With the global move toward environmentally friendly electronics, lead-free PCB assembly has become the industry standard driven largely by RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) regulations.
Discover the key differences between lead and lead-free solder, including melting point, durability, cost, and RoHS compliance. Learn which solder type is best for industrial, aerospace, and consumer electronics PCB applications.
Learn the most advanced PCB testing techniques used in 2024–25, including ICT, Functional Testing, Flying Probe, JTAG, Burn-In, Micro-Section Analysis, and contamination testing. Understand what each method checks, when it's used, and how it improves PCBA reliability.
In PCB design, a ground plane is a conductive layer built into the board architecture that acts as a common reference point for electrical signals and currents. Its primary function is to provide a low-impedance channel for returning currents while maintaining a steady ground potential throughout the circuit.
The rollout of 5G networks marks a paradigm shift in global telecommunications delivering data speeds up to 100 times faster than 4G, ultra-low latency, and massive device connectivity.
